Introduction

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Nigeria. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it accounts for approximately 22.7% of all female cancers in the country. A lack of awareness and limited access to healthcare often lead to late diagnosis, making treatment more challenging. This guide aims to change that by providing essential information to encourage early detection and proper breast health management.

Understanding Breast Health
Breast Anatomy
The female breast consists of fatty tissue, connective tissue, and milk-producing glands. Beneath the breast tissue, muscles provide support and shape. Additionally, lymph nodes around the breasts help filter harmful substances and fight infections. Understanding the composition of your breasts helps you identify any unusual changes that may require medical attention.
Common Breast Health Concerns
While breast cancer is a major concern, other breast-related issues also affect women. Some common conditions include:

• Fibroadenomas: These are non-cancerous lumps commonly found in young women.
• Breast Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that may feel like lumps.
• Mastitis: A painful infection of the breast, often occurring in breastfeeding mothers.
  Breast pain and discomfort can be caused by hormonal changes, infections, or cysts. Knowing the difference between normal changes and potential health concerns can help you seek medical attention when necessary.
  Understanding Breast Cancer
  Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
  Certain factors can increase a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer, including:
• Family history: Having a mother, sister, or aunt with breast cancer increases your risk.
• Age: The risk increases as you grow older.
• Hormonal factors: Early menstruation (before age 12) or late menopause (after age 55) may raise the risk.
• Lifestyle choices: Poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption contribute to higher risks.
• Obesity: Especially after menopause, excess body fat can increase breast cancer risk.
  The Importance of Early Detection
  Early detection significantly improves survival rates. Unfortunately, many Nigerian women seek medical help only when their condition has worsened.
  Screening and Diagnosis
• Perform monthly self-breast exams to detect any changes.
• Have a clinical breast examination at least once a year.
• If you are over 40 or have a family history of breast cancer, discuss mammogram screenings with your doctor.
  Maintaining Good Breast Health
  Self-Breast Exams
  Regular self-breast exams help you stay in control of your breast health:

1. Stand in front of a mirror with your arms by your sides. Look for changes in shape, size, or skin texture.
2. Raise your arms and check for any swelling, dimpling, or nipple changes.
3. Lie down and use your fingers to feel for lumps or unusual thickness.
4. Perform the same check while standing, preferably in the shower.
   If you notice any unusual changes, consult a doctor without delay.
   Healthy Lifestyle Choices

• Eat a nutritious diet: Consume whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as sardines and mackerel.
• Exercise regularly: Engage in at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week, such as walking, jogging, or yoga.
• Avoid excessive alcohol and smoking: Alcohol raises estrogen levels, increasing breast cancer risk, while smoking contributes to various cancers.
• Breastfeed if possible: Breastfeeding lowers estrogen levels, reducing the risk of breast cancer. The longer a woman breastfeeds, the greater the protective benefit.
  Regular Medical Check-Ups
  Many Nigerian women visit hospitals only when they feel sick. However, regular check-ups can detect potential problems early, increasing the chances of successful treatment.
  Breast Health Resources in Nigeria
  The following organizations provide support, education, and screening programs for Nigerian women:
• Breast Without Spot (BWS) – Raises awareness and offers support for breast cancer patients.
• Run For a Cure Africa – Provides free breast exams and educational programs.
• Project Pink Blue – Offers advocacy, free screenings, and support services.
• Nigeria Cancer Society – Connects patients with medical assistance and educational resources.
  Support groups can offer emotional and financial assistance:
• Pink Pearl Foundation – Supports women undergoing breast cancer treatment.
• CancerAware Nigeria – Provides financial aid, counseling, and information.
• Breast Cancer Association of Nigeria (BRECAN) – Supports breast cancer survivors and promotes awareness.
  Conclusion
  Your breast health is in your hands. Simple but essential steps—such as regular self-examinations, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and seeking medical advice—can significantly improve your well-being.
  Too many Nigerian women neglect their breast health until it is too late. By sharing this knowledge, we can save lives. Talk to your family, friends, and colleagues about breast health. Encourage them to get screened and seek medical advice if needed.
  Take charge of your health today—because your life matters!
  
  References

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